Abstract: Composite materials have been widely applied in the field of ship equipment due to their advantages of high specific strength, high specific modulus, as well as special functional designability and integration. Since the 21st century, the vigorous development of digital and intelligent technologies has further promoted the application expansion of composite materials for ships In order to reveal the evolution law of composite materials in ship applications and identify the scientific problems existing in the process of realizing ship lightweight, stealth, and intelligence, an innovative analysis framework of ship composite materials based on historical evolution and data-driven is constructed by integrating the development process of digital intelligence technology. The core types, performance characteristics, application scenarios, and development trends of ship composite materials have been systematically analyzed, clarifying the evolutionary logic and driving factors of composite material ship applications. The key scientific problems and challenges faced by current ship composite materials have also been identified.